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Environmental challenges and increasing resource consumption may be mitigated through organizational circular economy (CE) practices. Implementing CE practices requires organizations to rethink, develop, and implement new initiatives and processes. It has been argued that blockchain technology (BCT) can support corporate and supply chain CE practices. However, empirical evidence on whether BCT adoption can complement corporate CE practices when considering firm financial performance is virtually non-existent. Using the resource-based view and a dataset of 1766 firm-year observations of Chinese listed companies, we investigate the relationship between corporate CE practices and financial performance, as well as the moderating effect of BCT adoption. Initial findings reveal a significantly positive relationship between corporate CE practices and financial performance. However, counterintuitively, BCT adoption not only directly negatively relates to firm financial performance but also weakens the positive relationship between CE practices and financial performance. Further analysis found that these direct and indirect negative effects of BCT adoption are only observed in resource-constrained firms, supporting our argument from a resource scarcity perspective. This study provides new insights into the nuanced relationship among CE practices, BCT adoption, and financial performance from the resource-based view. These insights provide new and valuable guidance for researchers and practitioners. 

The circular economy (CE) seeks to maintain products and materials at their highest utility and value. The organisational and governmental policy have seised onto the CE philosophy to advance socio-economic and environmental development. CE remains an essentially contested concept – making its utilisation as a foundation for managerial and policy decisions challenging. Circularity assessment has not been systematically adopted, especially within supply chain management. Using critical scholarly and practical evidential foundation, we proposed a comprehensive set of metrics that can be utilised in supplier selection, monitoring, and development for circularity. These metrics include the macro, meso, and micro levels. A group decision-making method integrating best-worst method (BWM), regret theory (RT), and dual hesitant fuzzy sets (DHFS) for circular economy and circularity (CEC) supplier evaluation and selection is introduced – providing instrumental value for the identified metrics typology. The proposed BWM-DHFE-RT integrative analytical method can accommodate decisionmaker psychological behavior under uncertainty while simultaneously capturing divergent or conflicting opinions of different decision-makers. An illustrative business scenario is utilized to demonstrate the application of the proposed method. Though the proposed CE performance metrics and methodology are used for CEC supplier management reasons they have broader applicability. Future research and application directions are discussed.